Cấu trúc đảo ngữ là cấu trúc khó, thường xuất hiện trong bài thi tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là TOEIC hoặc IELTS. Vậy nên nhiều người gặp khó khăn khi sử dụng nó. Vậy nên Luyện thi IELTS Vietop gửi tới các bạn một số bài tập đảo ngữ để nắm vững hơn kiến thức này.
Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ thường gặp
Đảo ngữ với trạng từ chỉ tần suất (thường mang nghĩa phủ định)
Công thức:
| Never/Rarely/Seldom/Hardly/Little + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ (nguyên thể) |
E.g.: John seldom plays sports = Seldom does John play sports. (John hiếm khi chơi thể thao)
Đảo ngữ với No/ Not any
Công thức:
| No + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb (nguyên thể) |
| Not any + N + trợ động từ + S + Verb (nguyên thể) |
E.g.: I won’t lend you any books. (Tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn quyển sách nào nữa)
= No books will I lend you
= Not any books will I lend you.
Đảo ngữ với cụm từ chứa “no”
Công thức:
| Cụm từ phủ định + trợ động từ + S + Verb (nguyên thể) |
* Một số cụm từ chứa No
- At no time: Chưa từng bao giờ
- In no way: Không có cách nào
- On no condition: Tuyệt đối không
- On no account = For no reasons: Không vì lý do gì
- Under/In no circumstances: Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
- No longer: Không còn nữa
- Nowhere: Không nơi nào
E.g.: No longer do you see him again. (Bạn sẽ không bao giờ có thể gặp anh ta nữa)
Đảo ngữ với So …that và Such… that
| So + tính từ/ trạng từ + trợ động từ + N + that + S + V |
| Such + danh từ + that + S + V |
E.g.: The trip is so expensive that I can’t afford it. (Chuyến đi đắt đỏ đến nỗi mà tôi không thể chi trả được)
= So expensive is the trip that I can’t afford it.
E.g.: It is such a beautiful day that we have a party in the garden. (Thật là một ngày đẹp trời đến nỗi mà chúng ta có một bữa tiệc ở vườn)
= Such a beautiful day that we have a party in the garden.
No sooner …than (ngay sau khi …thì)
| No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V(nguyên thể) + than + S + V |
E.g.: No sooner had I started mowing the lawn than it started raining. (Ngay sau khi tôi cắt cỏ thì trời mưa).
Not only … but also (không những mà còn)
| Not only + Trợ động từ + S + V(nguyên thể), but + S + also + V |
E.g.: Not only is the building modern, but it also is traditional. (Tòa nhà này không chỉ hiện đại mà còn rất truyền thống).
Đảo ngữ với Until/till (cho đến khi …thì)
| Not until +N/ S+ V + trợ động từ + S + V |
E.g.: Not until did he have a child that he stopped smoking. (Cho đến khi anh ta có con thì anh ta mới ngừng hút thuốc).
Đảo ngữ với Only
- Only after + N/V-ing/(S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V : Chỉ sau khi
- Only by + N/V-ing + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách
- Only if + (S+V) + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ khi, nếu
- Only in this/that way + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách này/đó
- Only then + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ đến lúc đó
- Only when + (S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ đến khi (= Not until)
E.g.: Only after the rain is the weather cool. (Chỉ sau khi trời mưa thì trời mát)
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện
| Câu điều kiện loại 1 | Should + S + V(nguyên thể), S + will + V(nguyên thể) |
| Câu điều kiện loại 2 | Were + S + N/adj/ to V(nguyên thể), S + would + V(nguyên thể) |
| Câu điều kiện loại 3 | Had + S + Vp2, S + would have +Vp2 |
E.g.: Were you to get up early, you wouldn’t miss the train. (Nếu như bạn dậy sớm thì bạn đã không lỡ chuyến tàu)
Bài tập kèm đáp án
Bài 1: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. He had left the office when the phone rang.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
2. He didn’t give up until the competition finished.
Not until ………………………………………………………….
3. I won’t give you any money.
Not any money ………………………………………………………….
4. He not only stole a bike but also hit the police.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
5. He only thought about buying a new car when he won the lottery.
Only when ………………………………………………………….
6. The door couldn’t open without a key.
Only by ………………………………………………………….
7. If the salary is high, I will take over the job.
Should ………………………………………………………….
8. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
Had ………………………………………………………….
9. He is such a humorous person that everyone likes him.
Such ………………………………………………………….
10. If the bike didn’t break down, I would ride it.
Were ………………………………………………………….
11. The movie is so interesting that I can’t take my eyes off it.
So ………………………………………………………….
12. As soon as he had breakfast, he went to school.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
13. My brother rarely reads books.
Rarely ………………………………………………………….
14. The only way you can become a famous singer is by training harder.
Only ………………………………………………………….
15. As soon as we had come back home, it started to rain.
No sooner ………………………………………………………….
16. She not only sings but also dances.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
17. I won’t agree till Tom apologizes.
Not until ………………………………………………………….
18. If they ran out of tickets, we would go to another theater.
Were ………………………………………………………….
19. The children should on no account go on their own.
On no account ………………………………………………………….
20. The test is so difficult that no student can do it.
So ………………………………………………………….
21. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
Only ………………………………………………………….
22. He is not only talented but also active.
Not only ………………………………………………………….
23. I could drive a car only when I am over 18 years old.
Only when ………………………………………………………….
24. He no longer drinks alcohol.
No longer ………………………………………………………….
25. I have never seen someone who drinks as much as you.
Never ………………………………………………………….
26. If I hadn’t lacked money, I wouldn’t have bought my house.
Had ………………………………………………………….
27. She bought so many books that she didn’t know where to put them.
So ………………………………………………………….
28. He understands little about the conversation.
Little ………………………………………………………….
29. If the leader comes, let me know immediately.
Should ………………………………………………………….
30. I will never forget you.
Never ………………………………………………………….
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Seldom …………………to the radio.
A. do teenagers listen
B. teenagers listen
C. does teenagers listen
2. Never ………………… driven cars as much as today.
A. do people
B. people
C. have people
3. Not only ………………… but he also dances
A. does he sing
B. he sings
C. do he sing
4. Not until …………………the office did the phone ring.
A. he leaves
B. has he left
C. he has left
5. Such a beautiful day that …………………a party in the garden.
A. do we have
B. we have
C. x
6. Should …………………her, please call me.
A. he meets
B. he meet
C. does he meet
7. No sooner …………………out than it rains.
A. he goes
B. will he go
C. does he go
8. Rarely …………………sports.
A. does John play
B. John plays
C. do John play
9. So difficult that …………………the exam
A. can’t the student pass
B. the students can’t pass
C. can the student not pass
10. Little …………………the lesson.
A. he understands
B. does he understands
C. does he understand
Bài 3: Viết lại câu điều kiện sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. If the weather is good, we may hang out.
Should ………………………………………………………….
2. If he didn’t apologize to me, I wouldn’t talk to him anymore.
Were ………………………………………………………….
3. If he got up early, he wouldn’t miss the bus.
Were ………………………………………………………….
4. If he hadn’t watched TV, he would have had time for his homework.
Had ………………………………………………………….
5. If I were rich, I would buy a new house.
Were ………………………………………………………….
6. If I were over 18 years old, I would drive a car.
Were ………………………………………………………….
7. If he plays sports regularly, he will lose weight quickly.
Should ………………………………………………………….
8. If he had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have had an accident.
Had ………………………………………………………….
9. If he has time, he will cook by himself.
Should ………………………………………………………….
10. If John weren’t sick, he would take part in the activity.
Were ………………………………………………………….
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Rarely _______ anyone using typewriters now-a-days.
A. you see B. will you see C. you will see D. you have seen
2. ________ received law degrees as today.
A. Never so many women have
B. Never have so many women
C. The women aren’t ever
D. Women who have never
3. _______ but also it filters out harmful rays.
A. The environment gives us air to breathe
B. Not only the environment gives us air to breathe
C. The environment which gives us air to breathe
D. Not only does the environment give us air to breathe
4. _____ have goods returned to us because they are faulty.
A. Seldom we do B. Seldom do we C. Rarely we D. Hardly we
5. Hardly _______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. we had B. he was C. had he D. did he
6. _______ did Jonathan realize that there was a danger.
A. Upon entering the store B. When he entered the store
C. After he has entered the store D. Only after entering the store
7. _______ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
A. Had he not B. he had C. had he D. if he has not
8. Sweet _______ the uses of adversity.
A. is B. are C. has D. was
9. Never _______ such a heinous crime.
A. he has committed B. has he done C. he has done D. has he committed
10. Only after the food has been dried or canned_______.
A. that it should be stored for later consumption
B. should be stored for later consumption
C. should it be stored for later consumption
D. it should be stored for later consumption
Đáp án
Bài 1
1. No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang.
2. Not until the competition finished did he not give up.
3. Not any money will I give you.
4. Not only did she steal a bike but he also hit the police.
5. Only when he won the lottery did he think about buying a new car.
6. Only by a key could the door open.
7. Should the salary be high, I will take over the job.
8. Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
9. Such a humorous person that everyone likes him.
10. Were the bike not to break down, I would ride it.
11. So interesting that I can’t take my eyes off the movie.
12.No sooner had he have breakfast than he went to school.
13. Rarely does my brother read books.
14. Only by training harder can you become a famous singer.
15. No sooner had he come back home than it started to rain.
16. Not only does she sing but she also dances.
17. Not until Tim apologizes will I not agree.
18. Were they to run out of tickets, we would go to another theater.
19. On no account should the children go on their own.
20. So difficult that no student can do the test.
21. Only after they had to wait for 12 hours did their flight leave.
22. Not only is he talented but he is also active.
23. Only when I was over 18 years old could I drive a car.
24. No longer does he drink alcohol.
25. Never had I seen someone who drinks as much as you.
26. Had I not lacked money, I wouldn’t have bought my house.
27. So many books that she didn’t know where to put them.
28. Little does he understand about the conversation.
29. Should the leader come, let me know immediately.
30. Never will I forget you.
Bài 2:
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
Bài 3
1. Should the weather be good, we may hang out.
2. Were he not to apologize to me, I wouldn’t talk to him anymore.
3. Were he to get up early, he wouldn’t miss the bus.
4. Had he not watched TV, he would have had time for his homework.
5. Were I rich, I would buy a new house.
6. Were I over 18 years old, I would drive a car.
7. Should he play sports regularly, he will lose weight quickly.
8. Had he driven carefully, he wouldn’t have had an accident.
9. Should he have time, he will cook by himself.
10. Were John not sick, he would take part in the activity.
Bài 4
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
Vậy là bài học ngày hôm nay đã kết thúc, IELTS Vietop cảm ơn các bạn vì đã đồng hành cùng chúng tôi. Chúc các bạn học tập vui vẻ.
source https://www.ieltsvietop.vn/blog/grammar/bai-tap-dao-ngu/
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